Micronutrients, in addition to macronutrients, are necessary for all plant life, although micronutrients are required in much smaller amounts. There are 10 micronutrients that plants need. However, only four are regularly deficient from highly alkaline desert soils: Iron, zinc, copper and manganese.
Iron (Fe) is involved with the production of chlorophyll. Plants grown in alkaline soil (so prevalent in desert soils) can develop iron deficiencies, especially if they are sensitive. Yellowing of leaves is one symptom of iron deficiency or iron chlorosis.
Even if iron is present in large amounts in the soil, high pH levels (above 7.5) may prevent plants from being able to absorb the iron. There are a number of manufacturers who have developed iron chelates, which is more soluble, and easy for plants to absorb through their root systems.
Zinc (Zn) is necessary for energy production, the making of protein, and regulation of growth in plants. High pH levels prevent plants from zinc intake. Additionally, high levels of phosphorus in the soil can cause zinc deficiency.
Copper (Cu) is necessary for plants to metabolize carbohydrates. Copper deficiency symptoms are yellowing of leaves, stem and twig dieback, stunted growth and pale green, easily withered leaves.
Manganese (Mn) is necessary for photosynthesis and the plant’s ability to metabolize nitrogen. Yellowing of veins, brown spots, and delayed maturity are symptoms of manganese shortages. Again, high pH levels can account for a plant’s inability to absorb manganese.
However there are solutions. A number of laboratories and chemical manufacturers have developed products which include chelates (from the Greek chelas, meaning claw). These products can extract the micronutrients in the soil and make them available and absorbable to plants. Chelates that are commonly used in desert soils include DTPA and EDDHA. These chelates are available at nurseries and garden supply centers, or can be purchased over the Internet or through mail order.
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